Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, Boston (Marr2040) Close examination shows that this gilt frame, with carved flowers adorning each corner and separated by delicately inscribed central panels, was modified to fit the Vermeer. The top and bottom rails are cut down the middle so sections could be removed to create a narrower frame.Isabella Stewart Gardner in Venice by Anders Zorn, 1894. Building a museum, however, was not initially one of Isabella’s main goals. The idea had its roots in tragedy: Isabella and Jack had a ...Landscape , Horticulture, Gardens, and the Museum's Courtyard Garden. Gardner chose to site her Museum on the edge of the newly built Back Bay Fens, a part of Frederick Law Olmsted’s Emerald Necklace, because …The Netflix documentary "This Is a Robbery" attempts to solve the 1990 Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum heist. Today, the 13 stolen pieces of artwork are worth around $500 million. ... Overview. Dutch Room. 206. Isabella Stewart Gardner’s taste for northern European art may not have been as legendary as her preference for the Italian Renaissance, but she was no less discerning when acquiring Dutch, German, and English paintings, sculpture, and furniture. In 1896 she purchased Rembrandt’s Self-Portrait, Age 23, the ... The Insider Trading Activity of Massey Stewart R on Markets Insider. Indices Commodities Currencies StocksArtists-in-Residence. Isabella Stewart Gardner surrounded herself with creative people—musicians, dancers, writers, scholars, and painters. During her lifetime, Fenway Court was a venue for concerts, a gathering place for thinkers—and even a place for artists to work. The Artist-in-Residence program was launched in 1992, after the Museum ...102. Spanish Cloister. First Floor. 105. Blue Room. First Floor. See All Rooms. Visible from virtually any gallery in the Museum, the Courtyard is the heart and soul of the institution. It is home to several centuries of art that evoke radically different locales: an ancient Roman sculpture garden, a Renaissance Venetian canal-scape, a medieval ...At TechCrunch Disrupt 2021, Slack founder and CEO Stewart Butterfield and Salesforce COO Bret Taylor discussed their $28 billion merger, announced last December, a deal the Departm...Get ratings and reviews for the top 10 gutter guard companies in Gardner, KS. Helping you find the best gutter guard companies for the job. Expert Advice On Improving Your Home All...Artists-in-Residence. Isabella Stewart Gardner surrounded herself with creative people—musicians, dancers, writers, scholars, and painters. During her lifetime, Fenway Court was a venue for concerts, a gathering place for thinkers—and even a place for artists to work. The Artist-in-Residence program was launched in 1992, after the Museum ...The biggest art theft in history occurred at the Isabella Gardner Stewart Museum, in Boston, Massachusetts. On March 18, 1990, two burglars broke into the museum and made off with ...Korosten ist eine Stadt und das Zentrum des gleichnamigen Rajons in der Oblast Schytomyr in der Ukraine. Mit etwa 63.000 Einwohnern (2019) ist Korosten die drittgrößte Stadt der …The Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, constructed between 1900-1902 under the strict guidance of its daring namesake, illustrates Gardner’s intense interest in contemporary European and ancient art, and it is an excellent example of an early 20th-century house museum as well. In 1902, Gardner moved the beginnings of her collection into the ...A fearless visionary, Isabella Stewart Gardner was committed to creating a museum “for the education and enjoyment of the public forever.” Despite the challenges of the past year, we continue to fulfill this bold promise by exploring new and exciting ways to …Chef Peter Crowley and his team have been hosting events at the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum since 2002. Chef Crowley’s local and seasonal dishes, organic vegetables, and award-winning desserts drive his creative seasonal menus. His technique was honed by years spent living and working in France, as well as at top restaurants, …(Boston: Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum; London: The National Gallery, 2005), pp. 118-19, 122, 124, no. 32. (as Gentile Bellini)Kirsten Dickhaut. "Le vrai est ce qu'il peut - Dur (De- Konstruktion des Orients in Gérard de Nervals Werk" in Michael Bernsen and Martin Neumann. Die französische Literatur des 19.May 20, 2018 · Accompanying the exhibition at the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, Boston, this catalogue explores one of the most important artists of the Renaissance. Fra Angelico (about 1395–1455) transformed Western art with pioneering images, rethinking popular compositions and investing traditional Christian subjects with new meaning. The Story Behind John Singer Sargent’s Portrait of Isabella Stewart Gardner. Learn about the creation of Isabella’s iconic portrait. written by Diana Seave Greenwald, William and Lia Poorvu Curator of the Collection and Erica Hirshler, Croll Senior Curator of American Paintings at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. published on November 30th ... Oct 19, 2023 · Anders Zorn (Swedish, 1860–1920), Isabella Stewart Gardner in Venice, 1894. Oil on canvas, Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, Boston. This lively portrait of Isabella Gardner was painted by one of her many artist friends, Anders Zorn. It shows her at the Palazzo Barbaro in Venice, where the Zorns and the Gardners spent time together in the fall ... Are you a people person with a love of art and museums? Do you like talking with people from around the Greater Boston area and the world?Isabella Stewart Gardner (1840-1924) was a New York-born society woman who became one of America’s greatest art collectors. Working first with her husband Jack and then solo, the intellectual and well-traveled Gardner eagerly amassed an eclectic grouping of fine and decorative arts, which now forms the Isabella Stewart Gardner …Rooms Nearby. The Chapel, at the far south end of the Long Gallery, houses a consecrated altar that was used by Isabella Stewart Gardner―a devout Anglo-Catholic―for the celebration of Mass. Its function as an active sacred space persists to this day. Every April, as specified in Isabella’s will, a memorial service honors her memory.Key features of the new wing are a cube-shaped performance hall and an adjustable height special exhibition gallery, which are the Museum's first purpose-built ...The Portland Art Museum is a Portland must-visit. Here’s a complete guide, from the best galleries to when to visit the museum for free. The Portland Art Museum (not to be confused...General Contact Info. Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum. 25 Evans Way. Boston, MA 02115. Information: 617 566 1401. Box Office: 617 278 5156. [email protected]. Peggy Fogelman, Norma Jean Calderwood Director.The Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum is an art museum in Boston, Massachusetts, which houses significant examples of European, Asian, and American art. Its collection includes paintings, sculpture, tapestries, and decorative arts.Key features of the new wing are a cube-shaped performance hall and an adjustable height special exhibition gallery, which are the Museum's first purpose-built ...Batman. Our free, fast, and fun briefing on the global economy, delivered every weekday morning.The Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum (commonly called the Gardner Museum) was opened to the public in 1903, and she hosted concerts and gatherings there throughout the early 20th century, …The Gardner is a unique museum with things to see and do for visitors of all ages. There are activities for families to enjoy together, and kid-friendly programs like Saturday Drop-in Art Activities in the Bertucci Education Studio. ... From 2006–19, the Teens Behind the Scenes were the youthful ambassadors of the Isabella Stewart Gardner ...European and American Paintings in the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum (Boston, 1974), pp. 199-200, ill. (as by Rembrandt, when he was about 22 years of age, before 1631-1632)John Walsh Jr. "Paintings in the Dutch Room" in James Thomas Herbert Baily (ed.). The Connoisseur: An Illustrated Magazine for Collectors, "Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum ...Charcoal on paper, 47.2 x 63.2 cm (18 9/16 x 24 7/8 in.) Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, Boston (S.G.Sar.4.1.8) In 1916, John Singer Sargent met Thomas Eugene McKeller, a young Black elevator attendant, at Boston’s Hotel Vendome. McKeller posed for most of the figures—both male and female—in Sargent’s murals in the …Construction of the Museum was mostly completed by late 1901. Gardner moved into the private fourth-floor living quarters and devoted herself to personally arranging works of art in the galleries on the first three floors. In 1902, Isabella installed her collection of paintings, sculptures, tapestries, furniture, manuscripts, rare books, and ...Oct 12, 2020 · Charcoal on paper, 47.2 x 63.2 cm (18 9/16 x 24 7/8 in.) Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, Boston (S.G.Sar.4.1.8) The lead sponsors of Boston's Apollo: Thomas McKeller and John Singer Sargent and exhibition-related programming are Amy and David Abrams, Bank of America, and the Henry Luce Foundation. Additional support is provided by the Arthur F ... The Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, which holds all of the art and furnishings collected by Gardner. Public Domain. Quick Facts. Location: Boston, … When Isabella Stewart Gardner created her museum she wanted it to be “for the education and enjoyment of the public forever.”. It’s important to know that Isabella designed it as an immersive environment. The result is a highly singular collection that includes not just art but also flowers and plants, textiles, furniture, and architecture. In the early 1990s, the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum was suffering growing pains. Museum conservators warned that wear and tear from close to 200,000 visitors each year exposed the collection to damage. And modern visitor expectations caused many new essentials to be crammed into the Palace building—offices, classrooms, a café, a museum ... The Gothic Room was closed to the public during Isabella Stewart Gardner’s lifetime. With a mixture of devotional and domestic objects, it served as a private refuge for Isabella and a few very close friends. A far cry from the Italian palazzo–like aesthetic she employed in the Raphael Room or Titian Room, here she turned to another style near to her heart: the Gothic.102. Spanish Cloister. First Floor. 105. Blue Room. First Floor. See All Rooms. Visible from virtually any gallery in the Museum, the Courtyard is the heart and soul of the institution. It is home to several centuries of art that evoke radically different locales: an ancient Roman sculpture garden, a Renaissance Venetian canal-scape, a medieval ...Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, Boston. View Gallery Guide. EXHIBITION CATALOG. This exhibition catalog, available now features photographs of the detailed pages in Gardner’s albums along with essays by leading scholars who place these sketchbooks in the context of art and culture of the 19th century.Purchased by Thomas Whittemore (1871–1950), American scholar and archaeologist from the artist, Henri Matisse, between 1908-1910 or possibly from the Thannhauser Gallery, Munich February 1910 (see Chong 2003).Loaned to Isabella Stewart Gardner by Thomas Whittemore in 1910 and officially given as a gift on 2 September 1922. Marks Furnishing a Museum: Isabella Stewart Gardner’s Collection of Italian Furniture (Boston, 2011), p. 296, ill. (illustration of planning list for the Gothic Room, late 1890s) Jeremy Howard. Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum theft. Coordinates: 42.338°N 71.099°W. The frame which once held Rembrandt 's The Storm on the Sea of Galilee (1633) In the early morning hours of March 18, 1990, 13 works of art were stolen from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston. Guards admitted two men posing as police officers responding to a ... The Museum of Chinese in America, located in New York City, likely lost nearly all of its 85,000-piece collection in a devastating fire on January 23, 2020. On Thursday, January 23...February 10 - May 8, 2022 Hostetter Gallery, Fenway Gallery, and Anne H. Fitzpatrick Façade. Being Muholi: Portraits as Resistance explores the life and work of internationally renowned photographer and visual activist Sir Zanele Muholi (b. South Africa). For a decade, Muholi, who uses they/them/their pronouns, has documented South Africa’s ...Isabella Stewart Gardner was drawn to religious art and acquired a significant number of crosses and crucifixes. This is the first complete bronze Romanesque crucifix to enter an American museum. The body of Christ is still attached to its cross, and at the bottom is the original iron pin that allowed the cross to be inserted into a base or a ...The Gardner Museum welcomes all people. We work with community leaders and artists to co-produce and design programs and hands-on activities that celebrate the voices and talents of our neighboring communities. We engage new audiences, learn from fresh perspectives, and connect visitors with the Museum’s rich collection, special exhibitions ...Rooms Nearby. The Chapel, at the far south end of the Long Gallery, houses a consecrated altar that was used by Isabella Stewart Gardner―a devout Anglo-Catholic―for the celebration of Mass. Its function as an active sacred space persists to this day. Every April, as specified in Isabella’s will, a memorial service honors her memory. The Story Behind John Singer Sargent’s Portrait of Isabella Stewart Gardner. Learn about the creation of Isabella’s iconic portrait. written by Diana Seave Greenwald, William and Lia Poorvu Curator of the Collection and Erica Hirshler, Croll Senior Curator of American Paintings at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. published on November 30th ... Isabella Stewart Gardner was drawn to religious art and acquired a significant number of crosses and crucifixes. This is the first complete bronze Romanesque crucifix to enter an American museum. The body of Christ is still attached to its cross, and at the bottom is the original iron pin that allowed the cross to be inserted into a base or a ...Key features of the new wing are a cube-shaped performance hall and an adjustable height special exhibition gallery, which are the Museum's first purpose-built ...The Gardner Museum welcomes all people. We work with community leaders and artists to co-produce and design programs and hands-on activities that celebrate the voices and talents of our neighboring communities. We engage new audiences, learn from fresh perspectives, and connect visitors with the Museum’s rich collection, special exhibitions ... The Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum sits a few blocks west of the Museum of Fine Arts. Several buses drop within walking distance of the museum. The Museum of Fine Arts and Longwood Medical Area ... If you have other access questions or need additional help planning your visit to the Gardner Museum, please call 617 278 5156. Committed to Accessibility The Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum welcomes visitors with disabilities to enjoy our collection and special exhibitions, and.Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum 25 Evans Way Boston MA 02115. We often review applications on a rolling basis once a position has been posted. If you are particularly interested in an open position, we recommend submitting your application sooner than the stated deadline, if possible, to ensure consideration for the position. ...Isabella displayed the annual report in the bookcase in the Blue Room. Dante Society (founded Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1881), Seventh Annual Report of the Dante Society, 1888 (list of members) Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, Boston (10.a.2.29). Isabella’s name first appeared in the 1888 Dante Society Annual Report, highlighted in black here.She would be the first female late night host. If Americans get to choose the next Daily Show host, they choose Tina Fey. That’s according to a poll from Quinnipiac University (via...The Gardner Museum welcomes all people. We work with community leaders and artists to co-produce and design programs and hands-on activities that celebrate the voices and talents of our neighboring communities. We engage new audiences, learn from fresh perspectives, and connect visitors with the Museum’s rich collection, special exhibitions ...The Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum is an art museum in Boston, Massachusetts, which houses significant examples of European, Asian, and American art. Its collection includes paintings, sculpture, tapestries, and …Isabella Stewart Gardner (1840–1924) assembled an extraordinary collection of art from diverse cultures and eras—and built a Venetian-style palazzo in Boston to share these …The Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum seeks a diverse group of individuals who share a love of art, teaching, and learning from others to join the Museum Teacher Program. A strong interest in open-ended teaching approaches, a desire to work with people of all ages and backgrounds, and excellent communication skills are essential. ... Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum theft. Coordinates: 42.338°N 71.099°W. The frame which once held Rembrandt 's The Storm on the Sea of Galilee (1633) In the early morning hours of March 18, 1990, 13 works of art were stolen from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston. Guards admitted two men posing as police officers responding to a ... General admission for children 17 years and under is always free. Little Salon. This fanciful space epitomizes the internationalism of the Rococo, uniting French paintings, Italian furnishings, and German sculpture. Figures of cupids dance on frames, and vines twist their way through door frames and around paintings.Aug 30, 2018 ... What a beautiful museum! Ever so much better than a trip to Fenway Park. I could spend hours going through a place like this. Fascinating. Great ...Charcoal on paper, 47.2 x 63.2 cm (18 9/16 x 24 7/8 in.) Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, Boston (S.G.Sar.4.1.8) In 1916, John Singer Sargent met Thomas Eugene McKeller, a young Black elevator attendant, at Boston’s Hotel Vendome. McKeller posed for most of the figures—both male and female—in Sargent’s murals in the …Please call 617 566 1088 if you have any questions or would like more information. Museum members get a 10% discount on their bill. Learn more about our Covid guidelines. Stop by the beautiful glass-enclosed Renzo Piano-designed Café G and enjoy the views of the gardens. Come in for a full lunch or just a glass of wine,Zafran, Eric M. "Boston, Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum." Oxford Art Online . Oxford University Press, n.d.Web. 30 Mar. 2017. Isabella Stewart Gardner is known as an eccentric and bold woman of her time. Gardner and her husband Jack had one son in 1863, who died from pneumonia at two years old. A year later, she miscarried a baby girl.John Singer Sargent - Isabella Stewart Gardner, 1888. This vertical oil painting is an almost life-sized, full length portrait of Isabella Stewart Gardner. Isabella stands facing us and has light skin. Her shoulders are squared, her arms are extended downward, and her hands are clasped together with her fingers interlaced in front of her hips.The Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, constructed between 1900-1902 under the strict guidance of its daring namesake, illustrates Gardner’s intense interest in contemporary European and ancient art, and it is an excellent example of an early 20th-century house museum as well. In 1902, Gardner moved the beginnings of her collection into the ...Isabella Stewart Gardner was drawn to religious art and acquired a significant number of crosses and crucifixes. This is the first complete bronze Romanesque crucifix to enter an American museum. The body of Christ is still attached to its cross, and at the bottom is the original iron pin that allowed the cross to be inserted into a base or a ...The Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum is an art museum in Boston, Massachusetts, which houses significant examples of European, Asian, and American art. Its collection includes paintings, sculpture, tapestries, and …The Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum is an art museum in Boston, Massachusetts, which houses significant examples of European, Asian, and American art. Its collection includes paintings, sculpture, tapestries, and decorative arts.El Jaleo. El Jaleo by John Singer Sargent is an icon of the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum. Sargent painted El Jaleo a few years before he met Isabella Stewart Gardner, but it took more than 30 years for her to secure the painting she long coveted. Tucked into a niche in the Spanish Cloister, El Jaleo is often the first painting you see in the Gardner Museum.The mystery is intensified by Vermeer’s famed attention to the reflections of light. It sparkles off the women’s pearls (Mrs. Gardner’s favorite), the gold threads of the man’s sash, the white silk skirt, and even the Persian carpet heaped on the table. Isabella Stewart Gardner may have been drawn to the painting by its elegant ...The Insider Trading Activity of Massey Stewart R on Markets Insider. Indices Commodities Currencies StocksAdd cruising to the list of good things in the Martha Stewart universe. Add cruising to the list of good things in the Martha Stewart universe. The 77-year-old lifestyle guru is pu...Monk’s Garden. Adjacent to the Museum’s Chinese Loggia is what was once Gardner’s private garden, now known as the Monk’s Garden. Over time, Isabella’s original designs were altered. In 2013, noted landscape architect Michael Van Valkenburgh completely redesigned the space. The garden’s design has the aim of provoking extended quiet ...The Farnese Sarcophagus is one of the most important works of art in the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum. Its glorious images of cavorting satyrs and maenads has inspired generations of artists, collectors, conservators, and viewers. This large, rectangular marble coffin was created in the area of Rome in the late Severan period, around 225 CE.Stewart Island, New Zealand, is located just south of the South Island. It's full of hiking trails, gorgeous bays, and kiwis. New Zealand beckons with its mountains, glaciers, fjor...Authorities say new information on a 1991 cold case murder has provided fresh clues that may lead to the culprits behind the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum Heist, reports Bob Ward for Boston 25 News.The Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum (commonly called the Gardner Museum) was opened to the public in 1903, and she hosted concerts and gatherings there throughout the early 20th century, …Isabella Stewart Gardner constructed her museum at the historical moment that landscape architecture became an academic discipline, a liberal profession, and a civic art. Gardner sited her Museum on the recently constructed Back Bay Fens, because she saw the potential for the landscape to enhance and transform the city. To this day, the … Thinking Through Art Level 1. Learn to facilitate open-ended discussions of works of art using Visual Thinking Strategies, a method proven to develop students’ critical thinking skills and promote social and emotional learning. You and your students will experience the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum as a place of learning, inspiration, and ...
Isabella Stewart Gardner was drawn to religious art and acquired a significant number of crosses and crucifixes. This is the first complete bronze Romanesque crucifix to enter an American museum. The body of Christ is still attached to its cross, and at the bottom is the original iron pin that allowed the cross to be inserted into a base or a .... Hot hot fruit
Journeys East: Isabella Stewart Gardner and Asia. Exh. cat. (Boston: Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, 2009), pp. 54-55 fig. 6, 439. Rights and reproductions. The use of images, text, and all other media found on this website is limited. Please …Dec 14, 2010 · In 1990, 13 works of art were stolen from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum’s collection. It was one of the largest property thefts in history, and the crime remains unsolved to this day. The Portland Art Museum is a Portland must-visit. Here’s a complete guide, from the best galleries to when to visit the museum for free. The Portland Art Museum (not to be confused...Artists-in-Residence. Isabella Stewart Gardner surrounded herself with creative people—musicians, dancers, writers, scholars, and painters. During her lifetime, Fenway Court was a venue for concerts, a gathering place for thinkers—and even a place for artists to work. The Artist-in-Residence program was launched in 1992, after the Museum ... Furnishing a Museum: Isabella Stewart Gardner’s Collection of Italian Furniture (Boston, 2011), p. 296, ill. (illustration of planning list for the Gothic Room, late 1890s) Jeremy Howard. The Museum is offering a $10 million reward for information leading to the recovery of the stolen works. The 1990 theft of 13 works of art from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum’s collection remains unsolved, although the Museum’s commitment to resolving the crime has never diminished since its occurrence 33 years ago. Michelangelos Kruzifixus für Vittoria Colonna; Bemerkungen zu Ikonographie und theologischer Deutung (Opladen, 1971), p. 10, fig. 4Rollin van N. Hadley. Museums Discovered: The Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum (Boston, 1981), pp. 64-65, ill. (as datable to around 1540-44)Kathleen Weil-Garris Brandt. "Mrs. Gardner's Renaissance."European and American Paintings in the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum (Boston, 1974), pp. 62-63, ill. (as influenced by Cranach; the landscape as modeled on Joachim Patinir; as possibly studio of Cranach; no evidence of multiple artists) Elizabeth Anne McCauley et al. Gondola Days: Isabella Stewart Gardner and the Palazzo Barbaro Circle. Exh. cat.The mystery is intensified by Vermeer’s famed attention to the reflections of light. It sparkles off the women’s pearls (Mrs. Gardner’s favorite), the gold threads of the man’s sash, the white silk skirt, and even the Persian carpet heaped on the table. Isabella Stewart Gardner may have been drawn to the painting by its elegant ...Mar 3, 2022 · Authorities say new information on a 1991 cold case murder has provided fresh clues that may lead to the culprits behind the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum Heist, reports Bob Ward for Boston 25 News. Please call 617 566 1088 if you have any questions or would like more information. Museum members get a 10% discount on their bill. Learn more about our Covid guidelines. Stop by the beautiful glass-enclosed Renzo Piano-designed Café G and enjoy the views of the gardens. Come in for a full lunch or just a glass of wine,Get ratings and reviews for the top 7 home warranty companies in Gardner, KS. Helping you find the best home warranty companies for the job. Expert Advice On Improving Your Home Al...The Gardner Museum is honored to collaborate with Elizabeth Solomon (Massachusett Tribe at Ponkapoag) to amplify the voices of local Indigenous artists. ... Parrilla is also a luminary artist at the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, where she has been commissioned to create artistic work, and continues to work with in several …Conservation at the Gardner Museum. Over a century ago, in 1903, Isabella Stewart Gardner gave her Museum to the city of Boston, and ensured it would be maintained and protected "for the education and enjoyment of the public forever." Carrying out this unique vision requires special care to preserve Gardner’s complete collection, which spans ...Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, Boston. Simone Martini (c. 1284-1344, Italy) An international celebrity in the first half of the fourteenth century, Martini cultivated an unsurpassed reputation with the international elite of Naples and his native Siena in Italy and Avignon in France. Martini’s paintings, which had a transformative impact on ....